DYSLEXIA
FACTS AND INFORMATION
Dyslexia, also known as Specific Learning Disorder in reading, is a brain-based condition that makes reading and writing more difficult. Individuals with dyslexia may struggle to:
Identify letters and words
Decode or sound out written text
Connect sounds to the correct letters
These challenges often persist even when the person is intelligent, motivated, and receiving proper instruction.
it’s neurobiological
It comes from the way the brain processes language—not from poor teaching, laziness, or low intelligence.
It’s often unexpected
especially when a child shows strengths in other areas or is receiving good classroom instruction.
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How Common Is Dyslexia?
- An estimated 5–15% of school-aged children worldwide have a specific learning disorder.
- Dyslexia is the most common type among these learning difficulties.
- Some researchers estimate that as many as 1 in 5 students (20%) may be affected.
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WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE BRAIN?
Dyslexia is not caused by laziness or lack of intelligence—it’s a difference in how the brain processes language. Brain scans and research show that people with dyslexia use their brains differently when reading.
Here’s what scientists have found:
Less activity in reading areas of the brain
People with dyslexia show less activity in the left side of the brain, which is usually responsible for reading and language.
Brain areas are more symmetrical
In many people, the left side of the brain is more active during reading. But in individuals with dyslexia, less pronounced asymmetry between the two hemispheres has been observed, which may affect how smoothly they read.
Differences in brain structure
Studies show that some parts of the brain involved in reading and language have less gray matter in people with dyslexia, which may make reading harder.
Using different brain pathways
People with dyslexia often rely on different parts of the brain than typical readers. This is like taking a detour to understand written words—it works, but it can take more effort and time.
Because of these differences, reading and spelling can be much harder—even when a person is smart, motivated, and trying their best. Understanding how the brain works helps us know that dyslexia is real, and that the right support can make a big difference.
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Common Symptoms
Dyslexia manifests differently across individuals, but common signs include:
1. Reading and Writing Challenges
- Difficulty learning letter names and sounds: Struggles with associating letters to their corresponding sounds.
- Slow or inaccurate reading: Reads at a slower pace or makes frequent errors when reading aloud.
- Unpredictable and inconsistent spelling: Spelling of words varies and lacks consistency.
- Confusion over similar-looking letters: Mixes up letters like ‘b’ and ‘d’ or ‘p’ and ‘q’.
2. Language Processing Difficulties
- Trouble remembering dates, names, and lists: Finds it challenging to recall specific information.
- Difficulty following sequences of directions: Struggles to carry out a series of instructions in order.
- Problems learning a foreign language: Faces significant challenges when attempting to learn new languages.
3. Speech and Auditory Issues
- Mispronouncing long words: Difficulty articulating longer words correctly.
- Stuttering under stress: Speech becomes hesitant or stammered in high-pressure situations
- Difficulty putting thoughts into words: Struggles to express ideas clearly and coherently.
4. Memory and Concentration Challenges
- Poor concentration: Finds it hard to maintain focus on tasks.
- Difficulty remembering sequences: Struggles with recalling ordered information, such as days of the week.
- Forgetting words: Has trouble retrieving specific words during conversation.
5. Motor Skills and Coordination
- Messy handwriting: Produces written work that is often untidy and difficult to read.
- Difficulty with fine motor tasks: Struggles with activities requiring precise hand movements, like tying shoelaces.
6. Emotional and Behavioral Indicators
- Low self-esteem: May feel inadequate or less capable compared to peers.
- Frustration with academic tasks: Becomes easily frustrated or anxious when faced with reading or writing assignments.
COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS
Misunderstanding dyslexia can do more harm than the condition itself—let’s set the record straight.
Dyslexia is a disease
Dyslexia is not a disease and it’s not something you “catch.” It’s a neurodevelopmental condition that a person is born with. It’s caused by differences in how the brain processes sounds and language—not by illness or injury.
Dyslexia is a sign of low IQ
Dyslexia is not related to intelligence. Many individuals with dyslexia have average or above-average IQs. Their challenges with reading and writing are due to how their brain processes language—not because of a lack of ability.
Source: University of Michigan – Dyslexia Myths and Facts:
Dyslexia can be “cured”
Dyslexia is a lifelong condition. While it cannot be “cured,” it can be managed successfully with the right teaching strategies and tools. With early intervention and consistent support, individuals with dyslexia can thrive.
People with dyslexia cannot read
People with dyslexia can learn to read. However, the process may take longer and require specialized approaches. With practice and support, many individuals with dyslexia become skilled and confident readers.
Dyslexia is caused by vision problems
Dyslexia is not a vision issue—it’s about how the brain processes language. Glasses or eye exercises won’t “fix” dyslexia. However, good design choices (like clear fonts, proper spacing, and color contrast) can help make reading easier.
HOW CAN YOU HELP?
FREE
VIDEO TUTORIALS
+ downloadable design pamphlet
+ sample book
Design & Typography Tips for Dyslexia-Friendly Materials
Learn how to make your educational content more accessible for students with dyslexia. These free video tutorials walk you through practical design and typography principles that can be applied to:
Printouts
Presentations
Educational books and worksheets
The goal? To help students with dyslexia better understand and engage with the material through thoughtful, inclusive design.